I believe that my understanding of speaking and scripting has improved dramatically through the completion of the assessment piece. The various audio and visual recordings included in this blog are a testament to that. Going into this course, my experience was definitely limited in regards to script writing and this assessment task has certainly worked to broaden that experience.
I have found the exercise of blogging every week to be an extremely useful learning task. Breaking down the week's study module each week into practical exercises in the form of a workbook, helped me to better retain the information each week. I also found it very useful that the tasks for the submission of Assignment 2 were included in workbook exercises. The PAIBOC exercise was extremely useful in mapping out Assignment 2 and the script writing tasks included in Week 8 and 9 helped to instill in me a high level of confidence going into the final assessment task.
The other exercises that I found to be most useful to my learning experience were the ones in which I reviewed and reflected on my own performance. These included the piece to camera exercise from Week 7 and the collection of voice recordings that were completed across the task. I had always thought myself to be quite a strong public speaker and I found it very interesting to see how that actually translated onto film and audio footage.
I have also enjoyed reviewing the academic articles assigned throughout this task and learning how speeches work on a number of different levels. While it is universally understood that having good content and a capable speaker are the basis for producing a good speech, it was extremely useful to learn the other aspects that can contribute as well. For example the Heritage & Clayman (2010) reading on the techniques used to create a greater response from an audience was an excellent learning material for me. It was also interesting to consider the way in which speeches are reported by media outlets and the use of quotes versus quotational sequences (Clayman 2010). I think learning about all the different levels that go into creating an effective speech has definitely increased my level of understanding of speaking and scripting.
Overall I found this blogging assignment to be a very effective learning tool. The tasks have helped me to become better versed in the world of speaking and scripting and the weekly tasks have helped to keep me accountable to a study schedule. The task has also helped to better prepare me for Assignment 2.
References
Clayman, S. (1990). From talk to text: newspaper accounts of reporter-source interactions. Media Culture & Society, 12, 79- 103.
Heritage, J & Clayman, S 2010 Talk in Action: Interactions, Identities, and Institutions, WileyBlackwell, West Sussex, pp. 263-287.
Week 9 - Draft and Delivery of Script
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Vision Slide
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Audio
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LS: dry farming landscapes.
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Drought affected areas of Central Queensland will find their issues
being brought to the forefront of Parliament by new local State MP, Lachlan
Millar.
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MP shaking hands and having conversation with farmers.
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Mr Millar says his focus will be on giving local farmers and
residents the support and attention that this serious issue deserves.
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CU: Millar speaking to camera
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“For too long this drought has been really hurting the people of
Central Queensland and we need to call on all levels of parliament to work
together to provide the support needed to implement proper drought assistance.”
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LS: Millar walking and talking with workers on a mine site.
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Mr Millar will also put forth the importance of state funding to
create more jobs in the area.
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Shot of Millar speaking.
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“Central Queensland is a beautiful place to live but unfortunately
due to the downturn in the mining industry, there are just not enough jobs
available in the communities. This is something that I am committed to
changing.”
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CU: Millar shaking hands with Local Mayor
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Mr Millar is working closely with Emerald Mayor Kerrie Hayes to
ensure the needs of the community are being met.
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LS: Millar and the mayor walking through council offices talking.
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Mr Millar and Mayor Hayes have been in discussions about the best
ways to get money back into the local ecomony.
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Millar speaking to camera.
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“I will continue to fight to make sure Central Queensland gets the
appropriate funding and projects necessary to inject some life back into our local
economy.”
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Week 7 - Clayman Review
In 'From talk to text: newspaper accounts of reporter-source interactions', Clayman (1990) discusses the use of quotations in news stories and how their interpretation can differ when they are reported as stand alone quotes as opposed to through quotational sequences that portray interactional context.
Clayman (2010, p.97) argues that including the context of specific interactions as opposed to an abstract quote, allows readers to better develop a sense of the character of the speaker, their motives, role obligations and other circumstantial factors that can influence a reader's response to a speaker.
Quoted questions are particularly useful in portraying the resistance of a speaker to questioning (Clayman 2010, p.97). News reporters are required to remain objective in their reporting and therefore are often unable to use overly descriptive terms to describe a speaker's behaviour (Clayman 2010, p. 98). If an interaction is reported in the place of a single quote, the reporter is better able to show the reader what took place and therefore allow them to see for themselves without the reporter losing the credibility of remaining objective.
Clayman (2010, p.82) states that political news stories are often reported to include an audience response. This is certainly something to keep in mind when constructing the speech for Assignment 2. The research done by Heritage & Clayman (2010) into ways of eliciting greater responses from an audience will definitely need to be applied here. The correct inclusion of pausing in combination with the various techniques discussed by Heritage & Clayman (2010), such as the use of lists and contrasts throughout a speech, would be invaluable if a news reporter was able to include a phrase such as "Mr Millar MP said "QUOTE" and this was met with strong applause from parliament".
When constructing the maiden speech for the local State MP, it will be important to consider how the speech can be reported when stand alone quotes are used, as they can in some cases entirely remove the context of the quote. It will be important to ensure that the speech operates well outside of the initial context (ie. parliament) and translates well across a variety of media platforms.
References
Clayman, S. (1990). From talk to text: newspaper accounts of reporter-source interactions. Media Culture & Society, 12, 79- 103, viewed 27th April 2016, http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/soc/faculty/clayman/Site/Publications_files/Clayman%201990%20Talk_to_Text.pdf
Heritage, J & Clayman, S 2010 Talk in Action: Interactions, Identities, and Institutions, WileyBlackwell, West Sussex, pp. 263-287.
Clayman (2010, p.97) argues that including the context of specific interactions as opposed to an abstract quote, allows readers to better develop a sense of the character of the speaker, their motives, role obligations and other circumstantial factors that can influence a reader's response to a speaker.
Quoted questions are particularly useful in portraying the resistance of a speaker to questioning (Clayman 2010, p.97). News reporters are required to remain objective in their reporting and therefore are often unable to use overly descriptive terms to describe a speaker's behaviour (Clayman 2010, p. 98). If an interaction is reported in the place of a single quote, the reporter is better able to show the reader what took place and therefore allow them to see for themselves without the reporter losing the credibility of remaining objective.
Clayman (2010, p.82) states that political news stories are often reported to include an audience response. This is certainly something to keep in mind when constructing the speech for Assignment 2. The research done by Heritage & Clayman (2010) into ways of eliciting greater responses from an audience will definitely need to be applied here. The correct inclusion of pausing in combination with the various techniques discussed by Heritage & Clayman (2010), such as the use of lists and contrasts throughout a speech, would be invaluable if a news reporter was able to include a phrase such as "Mr Millar MP said "QUOTE" and this was met with strong applause from parliament".
When constructing the maiden speech for the local State MP, it will be important to consider how the speech can be reported when stand alone quotes are used, as they can in some cases entirely remove the context of the quote. It will be important to ensure that the speech operates well outside of the initial context (ie. parliament) and translates well across a variety of media platforms.
References
Clayman, S. (1990). From talk to text: newspaper accounts of reporter-source interactions. Media Culture & Society, 12, 79- 103, viewed 27th April 2016, http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/soc/faculty/clayman/Site/Publications_files/Clayman%201990%20Talk_to_Text.pdf
Heritage, J & Clayman, S 2010 Talk in Action: Interactions, Identities, and Institutions, WileyBlackwell, West Sussex, pp. 263-287.
Week 7 - Piece to Camera
I have uploaded two videos for this task. I did several takes and these were unfortunately the best two. This task was definitely harder than expected!
It is clear from these two videos that I need much more confidence speaking to camera. My voice comes across much quieter than I think it should. I also tend to talk too fast and I appear quite awkward. I also found that I seemed to forget everything that I had planned to say as soon as I started recording! When watching the recordings playback I also noticed that I had a tendency to look away from the camera as I was talking which does not look very professional and I certainly need to work on what I am doing with my hands as well.
Overall I found this tasks to be very interesting. It is interesting to learn how hard things that professionals make looks so easy can be!
Week 7 - Features of a Genre
Ames (2016 p.1.) states that the seemingly trivial talk that takes place during chat-based programming is actually "important talk that helps to construct a sense of community among listeners". An excellent example of this is the drive home radio show "Hamish and Andy". The show's two presenters Hamish Blake and Andy Lee have created an extremely popular radio show that resonates with their community of dedicated listeners.
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| Image via http://mumbrella.com.au/ |
This show is also an excellent example of the way in which chat-based programming is oriented towards personal. Throughout the segment the two hosts use personal anecdotes both for humour and to create a close relationship with listeners. The whole show appears very conversational and unscripted and this allows the hosts to reinforce the sense of community they are trying to develop with their listeners.
The 'Hamish and Andy' show also risks transgression regularly by prompting laughter from listeners and each other throughout the show. As Ames (2016 p.1.) states "all talk in this format of programming is for an overhearing audience, so even if it’s conversational, it’s still ‘performed’". The Hamish and Andy radio show shows that as a host in this format, you need to be able to make the listener unaware of any performance which is happening and make your interactions seem natural and unplanned. It also shows the importance of creating a successful dynamic with a co-host.
References
Ames K 2016, COMM12033 Lesson 7 Genres of Speech - Media, CQUniversity
Hamish and Andy, Tuesday 26th April 2016, http://www.hamishandandy.com/listen/3/
Tolson, A 1991, ‘Televised chat and the synthetic personality’, in Broadcast Talk, ed P. Scannell, Sage Publications, London, pp. 178–200.
Week 6 - PAIBOC Task
Maiden Speech PAIBOC (The local State MP for Emerald QLD is Lachlan Millar)
Purpose - The purpose of the speech is to promote the new state MP, his party and to reinforce key electoral issues and garner attention needed for issues in his electorate.
Audience - fellow members of parliament, however as maiden speeches often get media coverage, it is important to keep the wider, public audience in mind. Media coverage for drought issues/economic downturn is important.
Information - reinforce electoral promises and local issues, promote the LNP party. In this case the local issues include addressing the drought crisis facing Central Queensland as well as the need to create more jobs in a region suffering through the mining downturn.
Benefits - to promote position and political party.
Objections - maiden speeches can often be long and therefore may loose the interest of listeners. Therefore it is important to include the relevant techniques (such as those discussed by Heritage & Clayman (2010) last week, ie. contrasts, lists and problem/solutions) to help mobilise audience response. Also important to include key quotable areas of the speech that can be easily picked up by the media for use in news stories.
Context - Political/Social/Televised
Video News Release PAIBOC
Purpose - to promote Mr Millar and to emphasise the key electoral issues addressed in the maiden speech, The purpose is to highlight to the voters both in the electorate and state-wide that the new member is already addressing their needs in parliament and that they made the right choice in voting for them.
Audience - people in the local electorate but also citizens state-wide.
Information - the focus of this piece is to attract media attention and the included information needs to reflect that. Include quotes on the importance of getting funding to drought affected areas and promoting jobs in a region that is suffering a prolonged mining downturn.
Benefits - promote Mr Millar in his new position, as well the policies of his party. Crafted to gain/cement favour in the community.
Objections - address the doubts of those who didn't vote for the party. Further explain how the issues being raised by Mr Millar will benefit the entire electorate.
Context - Television/Political/Social
Purpose - The purpose of the speech is to promote the new state MP, his party and to reinforce key electoral issues and garner attention needed for issues in his electorate.
Audience - fellow members of parliament, however as maiden speeches often get media coverage, it is important to keep the wider, public audience in mind. Media coverage for drought issues/economic downturn is important.
Information - reinforce electoral promises and local issues, promote the LNP party. In this case the local issues include addressing the drought crisis facing Central Queensland as well as the need to create more jobs in a region suffering through the mining downturn.
Benefits - to promote position and political party.
Objections - maiden speeches can often be long and therefore may loose the interest of listeners. Therefore it is important to include the relevant techniques (such as those discussed by Heritage & Clayman (2010) last week, ie. contrasts, lists and problem/solutions) to help mobilise audience response. Also important to include key quotable areas of the speech that can be easily picked up by the media for use in news stories.
Context - Political/Social/Televised
Video News Release PAIBOC
Purpose - to promote Mr Millar and to emphasise the key electoral issues addressed in the maiden speech, The purpose is to highlight to the voters both in the electorate and state-wide that the new member is already addressing their needs in parliament and that they made the right choice in voting for them.
Audience - people in the local electorate but also citizens state-wide.
Information - the focus of this piece is to attract media attention and the included information needs to reflect that. Include quotes on the importance of getting funding to drought affected areas and promoting jobs in a region that is suffering a prolonged mining downturn.
Benefits - promote Mr Millar in his new position, as well the policies of his party. Crafted to gain/cement favour in the community.
Objections - address the doubts of those who didn't vote for the party. Further explain how the issues being raised by Mr Millar will benefit the entire electorate.
Context - Television/Political/Social
Week 5 - Reflect on course resource online
Heritage & Clayman's (2010) Talk in Action: Interactions, Identities and Institutions discusses the way in which speakers, specifically political speakers, can incorporate techniques into their speeches to incite applause from the audience.Through the analysis of audience responses, Heritage & Clayman (2010) were able to identify the key aspects speeches to incorporate need in order to elicit the greatest responses from audience members.
The first technique is contrast. Heritage & Clayman (2010) describe contrast as "the most common and diverse weapon in a speaker's armory" (p.268). Contrasts in speeches come in the forms of contradictions, comparisons, opposites and phrase reversals and it is found that the likelihood of applause increases four times over with contrasts in comparison to regular sentencing (Heritage & Clayman 2010).
Heritage & Clayman (2010) also found that lists, particularly lists of three, were effective in creating an audience response, especially when the speaker pauses before the final item (p. 270). Types of lists include the use of three identical words, three different words, three phrases and three sentences.
The third technique that can be used by a speaker to incite applause is the 'Problem-Solution' technique. The speaker outlines a problem for the audience so that by the time the solution is then delivered to them, the audience has had ample time to anticipate the applause point (Heritage & Clayman 2010). Heritage & Clayman (p.171) also suggest that this technique is a good way to incorporate humour into the delivery of a political message.
The three techniques mentioned also work when used in combination throughout speeches. While Heritage & Clayman (2010) highlight the importance of correct formatting when it comes to writing and presenting speeches, they are also careful to place emphasis on not only the techniques but the correct use of pausing during delivery. A well planned pause when using a combination of contrasts, lists and the problem/solution technique, is invaluable in mobilizing audience response.
Heritage & Clayman (2010 p.276) also reiterate that while these techniques aid speakers in getting the response they desire from the audience, a speech has to work on several levels. Without good content and a speaker with good intonation, the formatting techniques may not be enough.
What I have learnt after reflecting on this article is the importance of using the appropriate techniques to create an effective speech. The success of speeches, as well as the popularity of the speaker, are so often judged based on the amount of applause receive and these techniques discussed by Heritage & Clayman (2010) are certainly useful to know in order to reliably attract applause. When an audience can project when applause is necessary, the more applause that can be expected by the speaker. It is about guiding the audience to the exact moment a response can be initiated (Heritage & Clayman 2010 p. 274).
References
Heritage, J & Clayman, S 2010 Talk in Action: Interactions, Identities, and Institutions, WileyBlackwell, West Sussex, pp. 263-287.
The first technique is contrast. Heritage & Clayman (2010) describe contrast as "the most common and diverse weapon in a speaker's armory" (p.268). Contrasts in speeches come in the forms of contradictions, comparisons, opposites and phrase reversals and it is found that the likelihood of applause increases four times over with contrasts in comparison to regular sentencing (Heritage & Clayman 2010).
Heritage & Clayman (2010) also found that lists, particularly lists of three, were effective in creating an audience response, especially when the speaker pauses before the final item (p. 270). Types of lists include the use of three identical words, three different words, three phrases and three sentences.
The third technique that can be used by a speaker to incite applause is the 'Problem-Solution' technique. The speaker outlines a problem for the audience so that by the time the solution is then delivered to them, the audience has had ample time to anticipate the applause point (Heritage & Clayman 2010). Heritage & Clayman (p.171) also suggest that this technique is a good way to incorporate humour into the delivery of a political message.
The three techniques mentioned also work when used in combination throughout speeches. While Heritage & Clayman (2010) highlight the importance of correct formatting when it comes to writing and presenting speeches, they are also careful to place emphasis on not only the techniques but the correct use of pausing during delivery. A well planned pause when using a combination of contrasts, lists and the problem/solution technique, is invaluable in mobilizing audience response.
Heritage & Clayman (2010 p.276) also reiterate that while these techniques aid speakers in getting the response they desire from the audience, a speech has to work on several levels. Without good content and a speaker with good intonation, the formatting techniques may not be enough.
What I have learnt after reflecting on this article is the importance of using the appropriate techniques to create an effective speech. The success of speeches, as well as the popularity of the speaker, are so often judged based on the amount of applause receive and these techniques discussed by Heritage & Clayman (2010) are certainly useful to know in order to reliably attract applause. When an audience can project when applause is necessary, the more applause that can be expected by the speaker. It is about guiding the audience to the exact moment a response can be initiated (Heritage & Clayman 2010 p. 274).
References
Heritage, J & Clayman, S 2010 Talk in Action: Interactions, Identities, and Institutions, WileyBlackwell, West Sussex, pp. 263-287.
Week 5: Consider institutional talk
When analysing the variations between and entertainment based interview and a news based interview, the differences are very evident.
In Clip 1, the introduction to the interview is long, conversational and much more relaxed then the introduction for the interviewee in Clip 2. The Morning Show had a conversational introduction between the hosts as well as a montage clip to introduce the interviewee Khloe Kardashian. In Clip 2, Scott Morrison is merely introduced as the Treasurer and then the questioning begins.There is much less fan fare in the news interview.
In Clip 2, the interviewer is not afraid of conflict. Leigh Sales's interview manner is very direct and she often cuts off or interrupts the interviewee and does not allow any of her questions to be avoided. Sales almost creates some level of conflict by calling out the Treasurer any time he attempts to talk around answering her questions. Sales does not shy away from conflict throughout the interview.
Humour is definitely evident in Clip 1 throughout the conversations between Kylie Gillies and the interviewee Khloe Kardashian. It is a relaxed and conversational environment in which they joke about her family life, photo shoots and closet space. Conflict is managed in this interview through the use of humour when the interviewer strays from the approved question list with a funny magazine cover story. The interviewee happily responds due to the use of humour. In direct contrast to Clip 1, Clip 2 has a very serious tone throughout.
Clip 1 finishes by cutting back to the studio and showing a conversation between the show's hosts. Clip 2 ends quiet abruptly in comparison, with Sales just thanking the Treasurer for his appearance. This is yet another area in which the two different types of interviews differ greatly.
The difference between a news interview and an entertainment orientated interview is made very clear through these two examples. News interviews are much more information based, there is less 'fluff' when compared with entertainment based interviews.
References
ABC News (2015), Treasurer Scott Morrison talks to 7:30, video, 23rd September, viewed 14th April 2016
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wu6V7BAIxas
The Morning Show (2015), When Kylie met Khloe, video, 30 July, viewed 14th April 2016
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jx4lkWHP7cA
Week 4: In a World (2013) Review
In a World (2013) follows Carol (Lake Bell) a female vocal coach as she attempts to break into the male-dominated voice over industry. Carol challenges her father, who is famous in the voice over industry, and goes for a highly paid voice role in a high budget movie trailer. This film explores the stereotypes and gender roles in the industry and follows Carol on her journey as she works to achieve her dreams of becoming a voice over star.
In the movie, techniques such as having good posture, relaxing the face and body, humming and exercising the lips, tongue and face were used and all of these were also addressed in the study module this week.
This week's lesson outlines the importance of practice and of feedback ie. listening back on your voice recordings. This is was a technique that was also employed in the film.
I thoroughly enjoyed watching In a World (2013) for this week's workbook task. It was also very interesting to see how closely the techniques used in the film related to those that were discussed in this week's lesson.
Week 4: Voice re-recording and reflection
Before recording my second attempt at the news reading which was previously recorded in Week 1, I employed several of the recommended warm up techniques to increase the resonance in my voice. Resonance, articulation and projection were all areas in which I felt I could have improved last time and after the completion of the lesson and suggested videos for Week 4, I realised it all had to do with my breathing.
For my warm up, I worked through the exercises outlined in the lesson in order to practice my volume and projection as well as relax my face. I believe that you can hear the difference in both my projection and resonance as a result although I felt like my voice sounded more powerful in person then it appears on the recording so it is obviously something I still need to improve on.
I also marked out spaces to breath/pause on a print out of the transcript before beginning and highlighted words on which to place emphasis. This helped to prevent me from speeding up and sounding boring. I also kept in mind what Piazza (2009) said in the video 'How to improve your voice'; "that if you think you are too slow or too loud, you are probably about right".
As I record my voice directly into my computer, I am sitting down when I do it. I took note of my posture before beginning this time and naturally I tend to slouch and sit with my neck slightly forward instead of keeping it over my spine. Videojug (2012) showed me that this works to cut of the voice and reduce the depth of the speaking sound. So I focused a lot on my posture this time. I believed this help to improve my speaking voice as well.
Overall I think that this attempt is significantly better than the first one and this is obviously due to the techniques I learnt in this week's lesson. I still have a tendency to trip over some words but I think that I am improving.
References
Videojug, 2012. 'How to have a deep voice', viewed 14th April 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgo022I1FZQ
Piazza, F 2009. 'How to improve your voice', viewed 14th April 2016 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sAjKfL-upvo&feature=related
Week 5: Notice Talk
Here is what I have noticed this week after spending a couple of days paying close attention to the way in which I interacted with others.
- When I greet people I most commonly say "Hey, how are you?" or if I am responding to their greeting "Good thanks, how are you?" If I am not interested in encouraging conversation I usually simple respond with "Hi" and a smile.
- When saying goodbye to people, it differs depending on the circumstances. If I am at work (I work in hospitality) I always say "Thank you, have a good day." In my every day life I usually farewell someone with "See you later."
- In dealing with uncomfortable situations, I am likely to smile politely and remain quiet. Or usually I will respond in the way in which I think the person is most likely to be expecting or which would be seen as the correct social response. I.e. if it was a bad joke that they told, I will respond with a polite laugh. This response technique does not apply to situations in which I disagree with the speaker. I am more than comfortable politely expressing a different point of view.
- I use humour a lot in my every day interactions and after analysing my interactions I discovered that I definitely use it as a transition technique when closing a conversation.
Week 3: Aristotle's Arguments on Rhetoric
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| Image via http://www.thefamouspeople.com |
In Aristotle's Rhetoric, Aristotle outlines the key aspects of rhetorical speech and defends the use of rhetorical devices (Ames, 2016, p.1).
Aristotle argued that rhetoric was useful because;
- Although truth and justice often have the tendency to be naturally perceived as the correct judgement, if they are not perceived to be so (i.e. in a court), it is often the rhetorical skills of the speaker which are to blame.
- Knowledge and truth alone are not enough and effective means of persuasion and argument are necessary if you wish to produce the desired outcome.
- Rhetoric allows for us not just to develop our own methods of getting a message across but also to foresee the messages of the opposing side and develop rebuttals in advance. "No other art draws opposite conclusions; dialetic and rhetoric alone do this." (Aristotle, 350.B.C.E, n.p.)
- Being able to defend yourself verbally is a skill that outweighs the benefits of being able defend yourself physically. Aristotle argues that a person with great talents of persuasion can bestow the greatest benefits or inflict the greatest injuries (Aristotle 350 B.C.E, n.p.).
Aristotle saw rhetorical for what it was; a universal discipline and an extremely useful skill. The function of rhetoric was not merely to persuade but to allow a person educated in rhetoric the skill to deduce the means being used to persuade us or available as a means of persuasion on any given subject (Aristotle, 350 B.C.E, n.p.). In order to command the skill of rhetoric, Aristotle argued that a man must be able to reason logically, understand both the human character and goodness in all forms and have the ability to understand emotions and the ways in which they can be manipulated (Aristotle, 350 B.C.E, n.p.).
References
Ames, K 2016, COMM12033 Speech & Script – Week 3: Rhetoric, Rockhampton, CQUniversity
Aristotle. (350 B.C.E.) Rhetoric. Rhys Roberts, W. (Trans). Retrieved from: http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/rhetoric.mb.txt, accessed 12th April 2016.
Week 2: Define a Professional Voice
According to Ames (2016 p.1.) the way in which we speak is reflects on who we are in the eyes of others. In the same way, there is a social expectation about the way which we expect professionals to sound whether that be newsreaders, television presenters, public speakers or people in a position of power, such as politicians.
When defining a professional voice, the image of a news presenter is often called to mind. Marshall (2010) suggests that a professional voice is dictated by three factors; pitch, speed and choice of words. A newsreader is often seen as an example of a professional voice due to the deeper tone or pitch in which they speak. Using a deeper pitch makes a voice sound more professional, more confident and also makes it more persuasive to the listener (Marshall, 2010). When newsreaders present they also use changes of pitch to catch the attention of listeners and to highlight important words.
The definition of a professional voice is best summarised by Toastmasters Australia (n.d. p.3); a professional voice needs to have a sense of warmth, give the impression of strength regardless of volume, be expressive and easily heard due to clear articulation.
References
Ames, K 2016, COMM12033 Perspectives of Speech, CQUniversity.
Marshall, L.B. 2010, How to sound better, viewed 4th April 2016, http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/business-career/public-speaking/how-to-sound-better?page=1
Toastmasters Australia n.d., Your Speaking Voice, viewed 4th April 2016, http://www.toastmasters.org/~/media/B7D5C3F93FC3439589BCBF5DBF521132.ashx
When defining a professional voice, the image of a news presenter is often called to mind. Marshall (2010) suggests that a professional voice is dictated by three factors; pitch, speed and choice of words. A newsreader is often seen as an example of a professional voice due to the deeper tone or pitch in which they speak. Using a deeper pitch makes a voice sound more professional, more confident and also makes it more persuasive to the listener (Marshall, 2010). When newsreaders present they also use changes of pitch to catch the attention of listeners and to highlight important words.
The definition of a professional voice is best summarised by Toastmasters Australia (n.d. p.3); a professional voice needs to have a sense of warmth, give the impression of strength regardless of volume, be expressive and easily heard due to clear articulation.
References
Ames, K 2016, COMM12033 Perspectives of Speech, CQUniversity.
Marshall, L.B. 2010, How to sound better, viewed 4th April 2016, http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/business-career/public-speaking/how-to-sound-better?page=1
Toastmasters Australia n.d., Your Speaking Voice, viewed 4th April 2016, http://www.toastmasters.org/~/media/B7D5C3F93FC3439589BCBF5DBF521132.ashx
Week 3: In Defense of Rhetoric
'In Defense of Rhetoric'
(via: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYMUCz9bHAs&feature=youtu.be&hd=1)
The purpose of this video was to dispel the common misunderstandings that surround rhetoric, the study of rhetoric and purpose of rhetoric in everyday life.
The video highlights how we use rhetoric every day, mostly without even being aware that is what it is. The way in which we choose to speak so that people understand, believe or agree with us is rhetoric. Advertising and the way in which public relations firms craft effective messages is rhetoric. The way in which we use technology; choosing a browser, editing photos or webpages are all chosen means of persuasion and therefore rhetorical choices.
The video also places emphasis on the fact that rhetoric is epistemic, therefore it creates perceptions, our understanding of the physical and the place that we hold within it. This works to highlight the vital role which rhetoric has in our lives.
Rhetoric as a study helps students to
develop the skill of creating and interpreting messages effectively. Rhetoric
is often misjudged as the art of deception however this video works to successfully
dispel such scepticism. ‘In Defense of Rhetoric’ effectively explains how the
ancient art of rhetoric is still present, applied and commonplace in the modern
world.
Week 2 - Lesson Actitivies: The Australian Accent.
In Joy Damousi's article, 'There is nothing wrong with Australian speech', she outlines the arguments that were made in regards to the use of the Australian accent by radio broadcasters. The hotly debated topic gathered momentum during the 1930's and 40's when it was custom to speak British English on Australian radio airwaves.
Those who argued against the use of the Australian accent described the Australian way of speaking as second hand English and argued that the Australian accent was bred out of ignorance for proper English pronunciation. It was therefore believed that it was better for Australians to hear the correct English or BBC radio voice presenting on Australian radio airwaves in order to better educate the masses.
The outlook is one that is reinforced by the descriptions of the Australian language provided by the article; 'Strine (Australian English); how it differs from British and American English'. The article attempts to outline what makes the Australian way of speaking different to others and does so successfully in some ways. It describes Australians as having a tendency toward humour, a relaxation towards formality and titles and a unique use of diminutives. I would however argue that the article does all of this with a tone of disapproval which therefore taints the explanations. The article describes Australian's as lazy in their speech and the Australian language is said to be one that is "almost impossible to understand and quite offensive to speakers accustomed to formality". The articles stereotypes and generalizes Australians in a lot of ways that come across as negative to the reader. The article reinforces some of the views described in the article by Damousi as being against the Australian accent.
Damousi's article however also outlines the opinions of those who were for the use of the Australian accent. It was argued that the use of Australian speech was not something to apologise for or to look down upon. In the end it seems it was agreed that replicated another country's accent was not the way to go instead Australian's need to look towards "the perception and promotion of a cultivated Australian accent."
References:
Damousi, J. The Australian Has a Lazy Way of Talking: Australian character and accent, 1920s-1940s, 'There is nothing wrong with Australian speech', viewed March 16th. http://press.anu.edu.au//tal/mobile_devices/ch07s02.html
'Strine (Australian English); how it differs from British and American English', viewed March 16th. http://www.convictcreations.com/culture/strine.html
Those who argued against the use of the Australian accent described the Australian way of speaking as second hand English and argued that the Australian accent was bred out of ignorance for proper English pronunciation. It was therefore believed that it was better for Australians to hear the correct English or BBC radio voice presenting on Australian radio airwaves in order to better educate the masses.
The outlook is one that is reinforced by the descriptions of the Australian language provided by the article; 'Strine (Australian English); how it differs from British and American English'. The article attempts to outline what makes the Australian way of speaking different to others and does so successfully in some ways. It describes Australians as having a tendency toward humour, a relaxation towards formality and titles and a unique use of diminutives. I would however argue that the article does all of this with a tone of disapproval which therefore taints the explanations. The article describes Australian's as lazy in their speech and the Australian language is said to be one that is "almost impossible to understand and quite offensive to speakers accustomed to formality". The articles stereotypes and generalizes Australians in a lot of ways that come across as negative to the reader. The article reinforces some of the views described in the article by Damousi as being against the Australian accent.
Damousi's article however also outlines the opinions of those who were for the use of the Australian accent. It was argued that the use of Australian speech was not something to apologise for or to look down upon. In the end it seems it was agreed that replicated another country's accent was not the way to go instead Australian's need to look towards "the perception and promotion of a cultivated Australian accent."
References:
Damousi, J. The Australian Has a Lazy Way of Talking: Australian character and accent, 1920s-1940s, 'There is nothing wrong with Australian speech', viewed March 16th. http://press.anu.edu.au//tal/mobile_devices/ch07s02.html
'Strine (Australian English); how it differs from British and American English', viewed March 16th. http://www.convictcreations.com/culture/strine.html
Week 2 - Analysis of Professional News Reading
Analysis of the news reading sample by Kate Stowell for SBS World News Radio certainly showed patterns and purpose in the way in which she spoke.
For me it appeared that a pattern emerged in the way in which Kate spoke every second word. Her intonation varied slightly, preventing the news read from coming across bland and uninteresting. She also seemed like greater emphasis was placed on descriptive words as well as names of people, the government and government parties.So in some ways it seemed like the pattern was random but also it was obvious that her delivery was practiced, planned and professionally honed.
Her delivery differed greatly from my own which I recorded last week. Her voice had more depth and resonance. The intonation used and the pausing throughout also made Kate's new report seem more interesting and professional than my own.
For me it appeared that a pattern emerged in the way in which Kate spoke every second word. Her intonation varied slightly, preventing the news read from coming across bland and uninteresting. She also seemed like greater emphasis was placed on descriptive words as well as names of people, the government and government parties.So in some ways it seemed like the pattern was random but also it was obvious that her delivery was practiced, planned and professionally honed.
Her delivery differed greatly from my own which I recorded last week. Her voice had more depth and resonance. The intonation used and the pausing throughout also made Kate's new report seem more interesting and professional than my own.
Week 2 - Great Speeches and Speakers
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| The King's Speech (img via:http://www.standard.net.au/story/788063/review-the-kings-speech/) |
Mckay (2008) listed the 35 greatest speeches of all time based on a three pronged rating; style, substance and impact. After reading through the speeches listed, although I knew far fewer than I would like to admit, it was easy to note that McKay's belief that all historically great speeches have several things in common is correct. More often than not they have been delivered by a person in a position of power/influence, they were skillfully and passionately delivered, they were delivered in an attempt to unite people for a cause and they were delivered in trying times or times of change. Martin Luther King delivered his infamous 'I Have a Dream Speech' in a time of civil unrest, Ghandi called for the people of India to unite in a non-violent battle for freedom and a great number of American presidents are noted for their inauguration speeches. It is also important to note that delivering great speeches is a talent most often attributed to men. Or as Beard (2011) puts it, it is not that women cannot deliver great speeches it is that great oratory is often defined to exclude them.
Holding a position of power and being able to speak well publicly is very important. However being able to give great speeches is not a skill all powerful people are born with. The critically acclaimed film 'The King's Speech' details the struggles King George VI faced as he struggled to overcome his stammer and take up the position of King after his brother abdicated his throne. King George VI goes on to overcome his speech impediment to deliver a national broadcast. The story of King George VI works to prove that speech impediments can be over come or that "the techniques of oratory were teachable" (Beard 2011).
What makes great speeches effective appears to be a mixture of power, influence and timeliness, however the effectiveness of their message also relies on the delivery. Clarity when speaking, simplicity in your message as well as pausing and intonation are all important aspects of great speeches.
From studying and reflecting on the variety of speeches mentioned in this weeks lesson, it is clear that all great speeches have common ground and the art of speech giving is a skill that can be learnt and mastered.
References
McKay B & K, 2008, 'The 35 greatest speeches of all time', The Art of Manliness, viewed 15th March 2016, http://www.artofmanliness.com/2008/08/01/the-35-greatest-speeches-in-history/4/
Beard M, 2011, 'What makes a great speech?', viewed 15th March 2016, http://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/feb/26/kings-speech-oscars-mary-beard
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